Has your pet left "scent marks" of urination and/or defecation on your floor or furniture? To successfully re-train your pet to avoid those areas, follow these basic steps:

• Find all soiled areas using your nose and eyes. A black-light bulb will usually show even old urine stains. Turn out all lights in the room; use the black-light to identify soiled areas and lightly outline the areas with chalk.
• Clean the soiled areas appropriately to remove the odors (see below).
• Make the areas unattractive and/or unavailable.
• Make the appropriate "bathroom" area attractive (see our handouts regarding positive reinforcement, house soiling and/or litter box issues).
• Teach your pet the appropriate place to eliminate by using positive reinforcement (see our handouts mentioned above).

These steps work as a team! In order for your efforts to be successful, you need to follow all of these steps. If you fail to completely clean the area, your other re-training efforts will be useless. As long as your pet can smell that personal scent, he'll continue to return to the "accident zone." Even if you can't smell traces of urine, your pet can. Your most important chore is to remove (neutralize) that odor.

Methods To Avoid
You should avoid using steam cleaners to clean urine odors from carpet or upholstery. The heat will permanently set the odor and the stain by bonding the protein into any man-made fibers. You should also avoid using cleaning chemicals, especially those with strong odors, such as ammonia or vinegar. From your pet's perspective, these don't effectively eliminate or cover the urine odor and may actually encourage your pet's inclination to reinforce the urine scent mark in that area.

To Clean Washable Items
Machine wash as usual, adding a one pound box of baking soda to your regular detergent. If possible, it's best to air dry these items. If you can still see the stain or smell the urine, machine wash the item again and add an enzymatic cleaner. Be sure to follow the directions carefully. During the re-training period, a good way to discourage your pet from using the bedding is to cover the bed with a vinyl, flannel-backed tablecloth. They're machine washable, inexpensive and unattractive to your pet.

To Clean Carpeted Areas and Upholstery
Soak up as much of the urine as possible with a combination of newspaper and paper towels. The more fresh urine you can remove before it dries, especially from carpet, the simpler it will be to remove the odor. Place a thick layer of paper towels on the wet spot and cover that with a thick layer of newspaper. Stand on this padding for about a minute. Remove the padding and repeat the process until the area is barely damp. If possible, take the fresh, urine-soaked paper towel to the area where it belongs -- your cat's litterbox or your dog's designated outdoor "bathroom area" -- and let your pet see you do it. Don't act angry when you do this, but try to project a "happy" attitude to your pet. This will help to remind your pet that eliminating isn't a "bad" behavior as long as it's done in the right place. Rinse the "accident zone" thoroughly with clean, cool water. After rinsing, remove as much of the water as possible by blotting or by using a wet vac or extractor.

If you've previously used cleaners or chemicals of any kind on the area, then neutralizing cleaners won't be effective until you've rinsed every trace of the old cleaner from the carpet.  Even if you haven't used chemicals recently, any trace of a non-protein-based substance will weaken the effect of the enzymatic cleaner. 

One the area is really clean, you should use a high quality pet odor neutralizer available at most pet supply stores.  Test the affected surface for staining first, and read and follow the instructions.  If the area still appears stained after it's completely dry from extracting and neutralizing, try any good carpet stain remover.  If urine has soaked down into the pad underneath the carpet, your job will be more difficult.  You may need to remove and replace that portion of the carpet and padding.

If the wood on your furniture, walls, basebaords or floor is discolored, the varnish or paint has been affected by the acid in the urine.  You may need to remove and replace the layer of varnish or paint.  Your local hardware or building supply store can help you identify and match your needs with appropriate removers and replacements.  Washable enamel paints and some washable wallpapers may respond favorably to enzymatic cleaners.  Read the instructions carefully before using these products and test them in an inconspicuous area.